Q.1. Infer the meanings of the following expressions. The first has been done for you as an example.

(a) to feel the breath of war: there were indications that war was going to start soon

(b)appalling hunger and cold:

Ans-The  situatioan was terribe due to inclement weather and starvation.

(c)start of the siege :

Ans-There was a military blockade  of the city to compel it to surrender.

(d)blockade grams:

Ans- It was act of using force to restrict or stop movement of goods into or out  of the  area.

Q.2. List the words from the passage which are related to the war, for example ‘bombardment’.

Ans-(1) air raids

        (2)bomb  shelters

        (3)artillery  fire

Q.3. Answer the following questions:

(a) Who  were the   captives as stated in the above passage?

Ans- The captives   were the people who lived in Leningrad.

(b) Why did the people under siege welcome the bad weather conditions?

Ans- The people under siege welcomed bad weather condition  because it reduced  the visibility,and with it , the bombing was reduced the city.

(c) Why did the rumour about the plague die off?

The mind of the  people were full of the fear of sunny days and moonlit nights when they were  sure that the Germany  would bomb the city.

(d) How was the news about the plague confirmed?

The people have lost hope.

Q.4. Tick the correct answer

‘…when it was still possible to buy food without ration cards in ordinary shops and canteens were no more than a distant memory.’ It means:

Ans- The possibility of buying the food without a ration card as in the past, was no more than a memory now.

VOCABULARY

Q.1. The above passage is written in the English that was prevalent in the eighteenth century. Find some words and phrases from the text which seem different as compared to the English language usage at present. List them and find an appropriate substitute for each. Look at the example given below:

Example: whence—when

(a)Whiter-Where

(b)plague was returned – plague had  returned

(c)concerned in- concerned about

(d)it was come- it had come

Q.2. Answer the following questions: 

(a) What is being talked about in the first paragraph of Daniel Defoe’s journal?

The first paragraph of Daniel Defoe’s journal talked about the return of plague in Holland

(b)How was news about important events circulated during those days?

During those days news about most important events was gathered from letters of merchants and others who corresponded abroad

(c) Why did the rumour about the plague die off?

The rumour about the plague die off, as the Government held several councils to prevent its coming over and kept all private 

(d) How was the news about the plague confirmed?

The news about the plague was confirmed when two physicians and a surgeon  inspected the dead bodies and found evident tokens of the sickness upon both the sides

 Q.3. Tick the correct answer

Ans: d

VOCABULARY

1. Choose a word or expression that completes each of the following sentences. One has been done for you.

 (a)  I can’t tell you the plan because I don’t know about it .

 (him ,her, it, them)

(b) One should learn to defend against oneself bullies.

(herself, itself ,himself, oneself)

(c) The girls who were helping you were probably.

(which, who, that ,they)

(d) These dresses belong to you. I am sure they yours are .

(yours, your, yours’, theirs)

e) The fire caused serious damage to the group of houses.

(damage ,damages, injuries ,injury)

(f) The board was concern about  plans for the tournament.

 (concerned to, concern about ,concerned at, concerned with)

GRAMMAR

1. Refer to the lesson ‘From the diary of Anne Frank’ in your Class X textbook. There are some idiomatic expressions in the text.

 ANS- i ) all’s fair in love and war :  in some situations any type of behaviour is acceptable to get what you want Rita had to flatter her boss in order to get that big promotion. All's fair in love and war, right?

 ii ) icing on the cake -something extra and not essential that is added to an already good situation or experience and that makes it even better Thanvi was delighted she was accepted to her new job, but having her best friend as her boss was just the icing on the cake.

 iii) call the shots - to be the person who controls a situation The Prime Minister tried his best to give the impression of being in control, but BBC revealed that the party president called all the shots.

 iv) chalk and cheese- if two people or things are like chalk and cheese or as different as chalk and cheese, they are completely different from each other The two families are as different as chalk and cheese!

v) raining cats and dogs - to be raining heavily We can't go out now because it's raining cats and dogs.

 vi) breaking the ice - to say or do something that makes people feel more relaxed, especially at the beginning of a meeting, party, etc. Jim organized a few party games to break the ice when people first arrived.

 2. Fill in the blanks using the contracted forms of the verbs. One has been done for you.

1.You should not eat so much. You shouldn't eat so much.

 2. They have written the story.  They’ve written the story.

 3. Let us go watch a movie.  Let's go watch a movie.

 4. He did not play tennis. He didn't play tennis.

 5. I could not find my friend in the crowd. I couldn’t find my friend in the crowd.

6. Here is your bag. Here’s your bag.

7. I would guide him.  I’d guide him.

8. They are not rich. They   aren’t  rich.

3. Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs given below. Change the tense of the verbs wherever required. (breakdown, find out, look for, go out, check out)

Suhasini wanted to go out with her mother to the

book shop. Her mother came back home very late. She said that her car broke down on the way back. She had to looked  for a mechanic. She checked out several apps for roadside assistance but then found out   that her internet was not working.

EDITING

“If I was asked under what sky the human mind ___________ has most fully developed some for its choicest gifts, ___________ has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems ___________ of life, and has find solutions of some of them which ___________ well deserve the attention even of them who have___________ studied Plato and Kant, I should pointed to India. ___________ And if I were to ask me from what literature ___________ we who has been nurtured almost exclusively ___________ on the thoughts of Greeks and Romans, and of the Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw the corrective which is most want in order to make our inner life more perfect, ___________ more comprehensive, more universal, in fact most truly human a life... ___________ again I should point to India.”  

             INCORRECT                                            CORRECT

       1. Was                              -                      1.Were

           2. For                                -                      2. Of

               3. On                                 -                      3. Over

               4. Find                              -                      4. Found

               5. Them                           -                       5.Those          

               6. Pointed                        -                      6.Point

               7.Me                                  -                      7.Myself      

             8.  Has                                 -                       8.Have

            9. Want                                -                         9. Wanted

           10.Most                               -                          10. More

LISTENING & SPEAKING

Write a report on any one of the following—conservation of the environment, plantation of trees, waste disposal, water harvesting, and the cleanliness drive under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan carried out in your locality.

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